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Learn R – Part 4
1. Basic Statistical Functions R provides built-in functions for statistical analysis: summary(): Summary statistics (min, max, quartiles, mean). sum(): Total of values. range(): Minimum and maximum. var(): Variance. sd(): Standard deviation. Demo Data Practice Solution 2. Mean, Median, Mode Mean : Average (mean()). Median : Middle value (median()). Mode : Most frequent value (no built-in […]
Learn R – Part 3
1. Plot (Data Visualization) Plots visualize trends and relationships. Use plot() for basic graphs, lines()/points() for overlays, and par() for layouts. Customize with main, xlab, ylab, col, lwd, pch, and bg. Demo Data (Basic) Demo Data (Advanced) Practice Solution HW1: Plotting of (x, y) HW2: Adding a blue line to the plot HW3: A plot […]
Learn R – Part 2
1. Vectors Vectors are 1D data structures holding elements of the same type . Sort : sort() (ascending) or rev(sort()) (descending). Create : Use c(), seq(from, to, by), or rep(value, times). Access : Use [index] (positive/negative), logical vectors, or names. Length : length(vector). 2. Lists Lists store mixed or nested data . Add/Remove : list[[new_index]] […]
Learn R – Part 1
1. How to Write an R Code (Syntax and Print) R uses simple syntax to execute commands. Code is written line-by-line, and print() or cat() displays output. Try, if you can solve the below problem. 2. To See a Data Type Use class() / typeof() to check the data type of a variable (e.g., numeric, […]
Course Review: How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper
Recently, I completed the Coursera course “How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper.” As someone new to research, I found this course incredibly valuable for building a strong foundation. It breaks down the research process step by step, from understanding the basics to confidently preparing your work for publication. The course covers essential topics […]